Understanding PCOS/PCOD

Prevalence and Definition

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD) has become quite prevalent in recent years. It is a medical condition where an additional follicle is recruited for ovulation, which starts to form but ultimately does not get released. This cycle can repeat several times, leading to the development of multiple small cysts in the ovaries. The primary cause of this condition is an imbalance in hormonal levels within the ovaries.

Common Symptoms

The symptoms associated with PCOS/PCOD are varied, but some of the most frequent ones include: –

Menstrual Irregularities: Women may experience problems with their menstrual cycles, such as irregular timing or delayed periods, and may sometimes have no menstrual flow for 2-3 months, followed by an unusually heavy period.

Obesity: Many individuals present with a high Body Mass Index (BMI), which results in quick weight gain and difficulty in losing weight.

Skin Issues: Conditions such as acne and oily skin are common.-

Hirsutism: This involves excessive and coarse hair growth on the face, chin, abdomen and chest.

Skin Darkening: Dark patches of thickened skin may appear on areas like the nape of the neck and thighs.

Infertility: PCOS is a leading cause of female infertility, making it challenging to conceive naturally. Such women often require assistance with ovum formation and the process of ovulation.

Future Health Implications: Women with PCOS/PCOD face increased future health risks, including higher chances of developing diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and uterine cancer.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on the presence of the aforementioned symptoms, along with ultrasound imaging that reveals multiple cysts within the ovaries.

Management Strategies

Effective management of PCOS/PCOD entails dietary changes, exercise, and lifestyle modifications. The diet should focus on high-protein and high-fiber foods while minimizing carbohydrates. It is recommended to engage in at least 45 minutes of brisk exercise regularly. Additionally, quitting smoking and alcohol intake is crucial. A weight loss of about 7-10% can significantly alleviate symptoms. Depending on a woman’s desire for pregnancy or the need to regularize menstrual cycles, treatment options may differ. Oral contraceptive pills can be prescribed to help regulate periods. Newer formulations not only aid in achieving regular menstrual cycles but also help in weight loss, acne improvement, and reducing hirsutism. Achieving menstrual regularity for a minimum of 2 months may also offer protection against uterine cancer.

Pregnancy Considerations

Conception can be particularly challenging for women with PCOS/PCOD. Not only does achieving pregnancy present hurdles but there is also an increased risk of early pregnancy loss. Moreover, during pregnancy, these women may face elevated risks for diabetes, which can lead to larger babies and complications during delivery. In conclusion, while managing PCOS can present its challenges, it is certainly not an insurmountable condition. With the right approach, symptoms can be effectively managed for a better quality of life.